Other Taxes and Revenue Sources

In addition to the methods of raising revenue detailed in the bulk of this chapter, policymakers at each level of government have some other options at their disposal. This section includes policies concerning energy taxes such as levies on oil and carbon emissions, excise taxes on specific commodities such as tobacco and alcohol, and a variety of fees including road tolls and vehicle registration. Many of these taxes and fees tend to be regressive in nature, but the impact on lower-income households can be mitigated by the right policies.