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Excise taxes on individual commodities, such as tobacco or alcohol, should at least keep pace with inflation. One way to do this is by levying them on an ad valorem basis. 

A progressive income tax is the preferred method of raising revenue at the federal and state levels. Other sources, such as a consumption tax, may be needed. 

Goods sold over the internet and through catalogs should be subject to the same sales tax treatment as goods sold by local brick-and-mortar retailers. 

Policymakers should limit the increasing number of taxpayers subject to the taxation of Social Security benefits to better protect the benefits of people who have no or limited additional retiremen

Congress and the states should ensure adequate Medicaid funding and maintain existing guarantees for Medicaid long-term services and supports (LTSS). 

Federal and state governments should ensure that Medicaid reimbursement is sufficient to guarantee access to the full range of high-quality long-term services and supports in all service settings.

All individuals with incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line ($14,580 per year in 2023) should be considered categorically eligible for Medicaid. 

Look-back period: Congress should repeal the five-year look-back period for asset transfers and return to the previous 36-month look-back window.

Federal and state regulations should establish hardship waivers of the home equity limit that protect people with no other way to pay for needed care.