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Federal and state governments share responsibility for regulating utilities.

Traditionally, utility rates do not include the cost of a utility’s major capital investment until that investment is put into service.

Securitization is a financial process that allows a utility to issue bonds to recover costs. They receive up-front pre-approved costs in one lump-sum payment rather than over time through rates.

Distributed generation refers to generating electricity at the point of consumption, such as solar panels on the roof of a building and community solar programs that serve

Not all utilities own and operate power plants or generate enough electricity to meet all their needs. As a result, many buy power in the wholesale energy market.

A “smart” electrical grid uses digital and internet-based technological innovation to improve the system’s function.

For most consumers, electricity prices do not reflect the rise and fall in production costs. Costs fluctuate throughout the day as the demand for electricity changes.

Traditionally, both gas and electric utilities have been monopolies subject to government regulation.

A long-term failure to maintain the electric grid combined with more common and severe extreme weather events has challenged the resiliency and reliability of many electric grids.

Water is essential for drinking, cooking, basic hygiene, and sanitation. Community health and prosperity depend directly on a sufficient supply of clean water.