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Public retirement systems should establish a maximum vesting period of five years for DB plans and one year for employers’ matching contributions to defined contribution or hybrid plans. 

States and localities should move toward full funding of their retirement systems. 

Federal policymakers should develop a comprehensive system for financing Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) that includes a new social insurance program to provide a basic level of LTSS.

Ideally, the federal government should finance LTSS through a universal, comprehensive, and publicly administered program such as Medicare or similar social insurance program of shared risk. 

States should require that all beds in a nursing facility be certified for Medicaid and Medicare as a condition for the facility’s participation in Medicaid. 

States should require adequate numbers of appropriately trained staff to ensure a high quality of care.

Quality measures: Participant preferences and satisfaction should be used as key quality measures.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the states, and all other regulators should vigorously enforce all regulations in long-term services and supports (LTSS) facilities and home care w